Bullshit Jobs

About “Bullshit Jobs”

Bullshit Jobs: A Theory is a 2018 book by David Graeber that explores the concept of meaningless jobs and their negative impact on society. Graeber argues that more than half of all jobs are pointless and that this emptiness becomes psychologically damaging when work is tied to self-worth. He identifies five types of bullshit jobs—flunkies, goons, duct tapers, box tickers, and taskmasters—where employees often pretend their roles are more meaningful than they are. The book suggests that the idea of labor as a form of virtuous suffering is a recent development in human history. Graeber proposes universal basic income as a possible solution to the problem.