About “Surat al-Ard”
Surat al-Ard, also known as Al-Masalik wa-l-Mamalik, is a geographical and travel work written by the merchant traveler Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad Ibn Hawqal. He began his travels in 331 AH and was influenced by Istakhri, who had started the Masalik and Mamalik. Ibn Hawqal created a revised version of the work, using Istakhri's writings, other geographical sources, and his own observations from his travels. The book includes detailed geographical information, as well as scientific and historical content, such as biographies. Some chapters are structured like tourist guides, and each region is described with a specific map. (Summary adapted from Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.)
Some summaries adapted from Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.